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Data and Code for: The Size Distribution of Firms and Industrial Water Pollution: A Quantitative Analysis of China
- Qi, Ji (Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning)
- Tang, Xin (Center for Economic Development and Research, Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, and International Monetary Fund)
- Xi, Xican (China Center for Economic Studies, School of Economics, Fudan University, and Shanghai Institute of International Finance and Economics)
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National Key R&D Program of China
- Award Number: 2016YFC0207604
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Key Grant of Ministry of Education of China
- Award Number: 16JJD790045
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Abstract
We argue that misallocation across firms amplifies industrial water pollution by distorting the firm size distribution in China. Firm-level data indicate that larger firms are more likely to use clean technology but face higher distortions. In a heterogeneous firms model with an endogenous choice of pollution treatment technologies, we show that distortions that increase with firm-level TFP lower the adoption of clean technology, amplify aggregate pollution intensity, and lower aggregate output. Quantitatively, eliminating these correlated distortions would increase output by 30% and decrease pollution by 20%. Meanwhile, environmental regulations have sizable impact on pollution but limited effects on aggregate output. -
Weighting
No weighting is involved. -
Technical Information
Response Rates: Both data are national census. All firms belonging to the census scope are required to respond by law. -
Technical Information
Presence of Common Scales: Number of employees is counted by integer. All economic variables are measured in 2004 CNY (CNEC) and 2007 CNY (NGSPS). The emissions data are measured in metric ton.
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2007-01-01 / 2007-12-31Time Period: Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2007--Mon Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2007 (National General Survey of Pollution Sources)
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2004-01-01 / 2004-12-31Time Period: Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2004--Fri Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2004 (China National Economic Census and Statistics of U.S. Businesses)
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2007-01-01 / 2007-12-31Collection Date(s): Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2007--Mon Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2007 (National General Survey of Pollution Sources)
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2004-01-01 / 2004-12-31Collection Date(s): Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2004--Fri Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2004 (China National Economic Census)
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China
The China National Economic Census was designed to cover {all} businesses that undertake economic activities in the secondary and tertiary industries in China. We use observations that belong to the manufacturing sector.
The Statistics of U.S. Businesses from the U.S. Census Bureau, is an annual series that provides national and subnational data on the distribution of economic activities by firm size and industry. We use the data on total employment by firm size and industry from 2004.
Main text Section I.A and Appendix A.1 provide further details.Smallest Geographic Unit: Mainland China
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coded on-site observation~~
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Is previous version of
DOI: 10.3886/E112005V3
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Qi, Ji, Xin Tang, and Xican Xi. “The Size Distribution of Firms and Industrial Pollution: A Quantitative Analysis of China.” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, n.d.
Update Metadata: 2019-11-20 | Issue Number: 3 | Registration Date: 2019-09-24
Qi, Ji; Tang, Xin; Xi, Xican (2019): Data and Code for: The Size Distribution of Firms and Industrial Water Pollution: A Quantitative Analysis of China. Version: 2. ICPSR - Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3886/E112005V2